Network Manager és una aplicació l'objectiu de la qual és proporcionar una eina gràfica que permeti configurar la xarxa amb el mínim esforç i sense que els usuaris hagin de tocar res de la terminal.
Network Manager només gestiona les interfícies de xarxa que no tinguin instàncies existents de configuració (entrades al fitxer /etc/network/interfaces). Veieu la documentació dels paquets Debian.
$ sudo service network-manager restart
NOTA: No reinicia el servidor esclau dnsmasq per lo que si heu aplicat canvis a dnsmasq heu de matar el procés i executar el restart
Docs obsolets?:
Network Manager utilitza DBus. Sempre que fem canvis a Network Manager i els vulguem aplicar és necessari executar:
$ sudo /etc/dbus-1/event.d/25NetworkManager restart
ls -la /etc/NetworkManager total 40 drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 set 27 09:04 . drwxr-xr-x 164 root root 12288 gen 19 11:51 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 abr 17 2015 conf.d drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 set 27 09:04 dispatcher.d drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 gen 19 09:38 dnsmasq.d -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 76 abr 17 2015 NetworkManager.conf drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 gen 12 16:19 system-connections drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 abr 22 2015 VPN
$ sudo cat /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/aula-202 [connection] id=aula-202 uuid=d2b28194-9c29-4d47-bc37-e1ef6dbd11ed type=wifi [wifi] ssid=aula-202 mode=infrastructure mac-address=00:1B:11:12:67:07 [wifi-security] key-mgmt=wpa-psk auth-alg=open psk=PASSWORD_HERE [ipv4] method=auto [ipv6] method=auto
A Debian per poder utilitzar Network Manager s'ha de pertànyer a un grup (normalment ja és així) anomenat netdev:
$ groups sergi dialout cdrom floppy audio video plugdev netdev powerdev admin vboxusers
Si no hi pertanyeu heu d'afegir-vos amb la comanda:
$ sudo addgroup -G -a netdev user
I reiniciar Dbus:
$ sudo /etc/init.d/dbus reload
$ cat /usr/share/doc/network-manager/README.Debian NetworkManager consists of two parts: one is on the system level daemon that manages the connections and gathers information about new networks. The other is a systray applet that users can use to interact with the NetworkManager daemon. Configuration of wireless and ethernet interfaces 13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET)acacha 13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET) Only devices that are *not* listed in /etc/network/interfaces are managed by NM. After modifying /etc/network/interfaces you may want to restart NM with the command "/etc/dbus-1/event.d/25NetworkManager restart". Dial-up configuration 13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:05, 17 gen 2008 (CET)~ After configuring your PPP interface (either manually or by using a tool like "pppconfig") to work with a peer called "myisp" you should edit /etc/network/interfaces and add a stanza like this: iface ppp0 inet ppp provider myisp NM will then make it possible to dial this connection. If you want to set up multiple internet service providers simply create a new stanza as listed above specifying the provider and a different iface, e.g. ppp1. After modifying /etc/network/interfaces you have to restart NM with the command "/etc/dbus-1/event.d/25NetworkManager restart". Please read the "Debian Reference Manual", section 10.6.1.4 or the "interfaces" man page for further information. -- Tollef Fog Heen <tfheen@debian.org>, Fri, 15 Dec 2006 15:00:30 +0100
$ cat /usr/share/do c/network-manager/README THEORY OF OPERATION: NetworkManager attempts to keep an active network connection available at all times. The point of NetworkManager is to make networking configuration and setup as painless and automatic as possible. If using DHCP, NetworkManager is _intended_ to replace default routes, obtain IP addresses from a DHCP server, and change nameservers whenever it sees fit. In effect, the goal of NetworkManager is to make networking Just Work. If you have special needs, we'd like to hear about them, but understand that NetworkManager is not intended to serve the needs of all users.
From a list of all adapters currently installed on the system, NetworkManager will first try a wired and then a wireless adapter. Wireless adapters that support wireless scanning are preferred over ones that cannot. NetworkManager does not try to keep a connection up as long as possible, meaning that plugging into a wired network will switch the connection to the wired network away from the wireless one. For wireless networking support, NetworkManager keeps a list of wireless networks, the preferred list. Preferred Networks are wireless networks that the user has explicitly made NetworkManager associate with at some previous time. So if the user walks into a Starbucks and explicitly asks NetworkManager to associate with that Starbucks network, NetworkManager will remember the Starbucks network information from that point on. Upon returning to that Starbucks, NetworkManager will attempt to associate _automatically_ with the Starbucks network since it is now in the Preferred Networks list. The point of this is to ensure that only the user can determine which wireless networks to associate with, and that the user is aware which networks are security risks and which are not. STRUCTURE: NetworkManager runs as a root-user system level daemon, since it must manipulate hardware directly. It communicates over DBUS with a desktop-level per-user process, nm-applet. Since Preferred Networks are user-specific, there must be some mechanism of getting this information per-user. NetworkManager cannot store that information as it is user-specific, and therefore communicates over DBUS to the user daemon which provides those lists. NetworkManager also provides an API over DBUS for any DBUS-aware application to determine the current state of the network, including available wireless networks the computer is aware of and specific details about those networks. This API also provides the means for forcing NetworkManager to associate with a specific wireless network. Use of DBUS allows separation of NetworkManager, which requires no user-interface, and the parts of the user interface which might be desktop environment specific. The nm-applet provides a DBUS service called NetworkManagerInfo, which should provide to NetworkManager the Preferred Networks lists upon request. It also should be able to display a dialog to retrieve a WEP/WPA key or passphrase from the user when NetworkManager requests it. The GNOME version of NetworkManagerInfo, for example, stores Preferred Networks in GConf and WEP/WPA keys in gnome-keyring, and proxies that information to NetworkManager upon request.
$ cat /usr/share/doc/network-manager/README.Debian NetworkManager consists of two parts: one is on the system level daemon that manages the connections and gathers information about new networks. The other is a systray applet that users can use to interact with the NetworkManager daemon. Security 13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)acacha To allow users to connect to the NetworkManager daemon they have to be in the group "netdev". If you want to add a user to group "netdev" use the command "adduser username netdev" or one of the graphical user management frontends. After that you have to reload D-Bus with the command "/etc/init.d/dbus reload". Configuration of wireless and ethernet interfaces 13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)acacha 13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET) Only devices that are *not* listed in /etc/network/interfaces or which have been configured "auto" and "dhcp" (with no other options) are managed by NM. This way you can setup a custom (static) configuration for a device and NM will not try to override this setting. After modifying /etc/network/interfaces you have to restart NM with the command "/etc/dbus-1/event.d/25NetworkManager restart". Examples: 1.) auto wlan0 iface wlan0 inet dhcp - > This device is managed by NM. 1.a) allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp -> This device is managed by NM 2.) auto wlan0 iface wlan0 inet dhcp wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -> This devices is *not* managed by NM because it has additional options. 3.) iface wlan0 inet dhcp -> This device is *not* managed by NM because it is not set to "auto". 4.) iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.1 ->This device is *not* managed by NM because it is configured as "static" and has additional options. 5.) Device is not listed in /etc/network/interfaces. -> Device is managed by NM. Dial-up configuration 13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)13:04, 17 gen 2008 (CET)~ After configuring your PPP interface (either manually or by using a tool like "pppconfig") to work with a peer called "myisp" you should edit /etc/network/interfaces and add a stanza like this: iface ppp0 inet ppp provider myisp NM will then make it possible to dial this connection. If you want to set up multiple internet service providers simply create a new stanza as listed above specifying the provider and a different iface, e.g. ppp1. After modifying /etc/network/interfaces you have to restart NM with the command "/etc/dbus-1/event.d/25NetworkManager restart". Please read the "Debian Reference Manual", section 10.6.1.4 or the "interfaces" man page for further information.
Acacha Wiki$ cat /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/01ifupdown
#!/bin/sh -e
# Script to dispatch NetworkManager events
#
# Runs ifupdown scripts when NetworkManager fiddles with interfaces.
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
echo "$0: called with no interface" 1>&2
exit 1;
fi
# Fake ifupdown environment
export IFACE="$1"
export LOGICAL="$1"
export ADDRFAM="NetworkManager"
export METHOD="NetworkManager"
export VERBOSITY="0"
# Run the right scripts
case "$2" in
up)
export MODE="start"
export PHASE="up"
exec run-parts /etc/network/if-up.d
;;
down)
export MODE="stop"
export PHASE="down"
exec run-parts /etc/network/if-down.d
;;
pre-up)
export MODE="start"
export PHASE="pre-up"
exec run-parts /etc/network/if-pre-up.d
;;
post-down)
export MODE="stop"
export PHASE="post-down"
exec run-parts /etc/network/if-post-down.d
;;
*)
echo "$0: called with unknown action \`$2'" 1>&2
exit 1
;;
esac
Sembla doncs, que amb Netowrk manager els scripts de les carpetes /etc/network/if-x.d també s'executen
$ nm-tool NetworkManager Tool State: connected - Device: eth1 ---------------------------------------------------------------- NM Path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/eth1 Type: Wired Driver: pcnet32 Active: yes HW Address: 08:00:27:09:1A:88 Capabilities: Supported: yes Carrier Detect: yes Speed: 100 Mb/s Wired Settings Hardware Link: yes IP Settings: IP Address: 192.168.1.6 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Broadcast: 192.168.1.255 Gateway: 192.168.1.1 Primary DNS: 192.168.1.3 Secondary DNS: 192.168.1.1
És l'applet de network-manager i no s'ha de confondre amb l'applet de gnome (totes dues icones són molt similars però la de network-manager és una mica més gran i no parpadeja amb l'activitat de les interfícies). A Debian (Etch) les icones són clarament diferents.
L'applet network manager apareix a l'area de notificació del quadre de gnome
Si no us apreix potser és que no teniu instal·lat o que no teniu barra de notificació. La barra de notificació es pot afegir al quadre des de el menú contextual (botó dret/Afegeix al quadre).
Per comprovar si teniu el applet funcionant, poder executar:
$ ps aux | grep nm-applet sergi 7191 0.0 1.2 69516 12440 ? S 07:19 0:00 nm-applet --sm-disable sergi 29212 0.0 0.0 2988 760 pts/2 R+ 10:59 0:00 grep nm-applet
Network Manager té diversos plugins disponibles, executeu:
$ sudo apt-get install network-manager <-- tabuleu dos cops! network-manager network-manager-openconnect-gnome network-manager-pptp-gnome network-manager-vpnc-gnome network-manager-dev network-manager-openvpn network-manager-pptp-kde network-manager-vpnc-kde network-manager-gnome network-manager-openvpn-gnome network-manager-strongswan network-manager-kde network-manager-openvpn-kde network-manager-strongswan-kde network-manager-openconnect network-manager-pptp network-manager-vpnc
Podeu consultar quins plugins teniu instal·lats amb:
$ dpkg -l | grep network-manager ii network-manager 0.8.1+git.20100810t184654.ab580f4-0ubuntu2 network management framework daemon ii network-manager-gnome 0.8.1+git.20100809t190028.290dc70-0ubuntu3 network management framework (GNOME frontend) ii network-manager-pptp 0.8.1+git.20100810t192516.1e6db5a-0ubuntu1 network management framework (PPTP plugin) ii network-manager-pptp-gnome 0.8.1+git.20100810t192516.1e6db5a-0ubuntu1 network management framework (PPTP plugin, GNOME UI)
Vegeu que podeu realitzar connexions de diferents tipus:
Per exemple per instal·lar el plugin de openVPN:
$ sudo apt-get install network-manager-openvpn
Per no tenir que reiniciar la sessió podeu fer:
$ sudo service network-manager restart
ara si aneu a:
Menú Sistema > Preferències > Connexions de xarxa
A la pestanya VPN podeu crear un nou tipus (abans només teniu PPTP) de xarxa VPN: openVPN
Consulteu també VPN
Cal comprovar que teniu el plugin instal·lat:
$ dpkg -l | grep pptp ii network-manager-pptp 0.8.1+git.20100810t192516.1e6db5a-0ubuntu1 network management framework (PPTP plugin) ii network-manager-pptp-gnome 0.8.1+git.20100810t192516.1e6db5a-0ubuntu1 network management framework (PPTP plugin, GNOME UI) ii pptp-linux 1.7.2-5 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) Client
si no l'instal·leu amb apt-get install.
Aneu a:
Menú Sistema > Preferències > Connexions de xarxa
Aneu a la pestanya VPN i creeu una nova connexió VPN, escolliu tipus PPTP. Només cal que poseu el servidor PPTP, l'usuari i la paraula de pas.
IMPORTANT: Per tal que funcioni Network-Manager, la interfície de xarxa que té connexió a la IP remota del PPTP server no ha d'estar configurada al fitxer /etc/network/interfaces, recordeu que les interfícies configurades en aquest fitxer són ignorades per network-manager
Un cop configurada la connexió us hi podeu connectar anant al applet de gestió de xarxa de network-manager (nm-applet), fer i clic i seleccionar la connexió VPN.
NO s'ha de confondre l'applet de network manager amb l'applet de mointorització de la xarxa de gnome (gnome-netstatus-applet):
Aquest applet es pot afegir als quadre, mitjançant botó dret/Afegeix al quadre:
Aquest applet et dona informació sobre les interfícies de xarxa que controla el fitxer /etc/network/interfaces.